ABSTRACT
Objective: to determine the relationship between chronological age and dental age using Demirjian's method and Baccetti's method of cervical vertebral maturation in radiographs of children and adolescents aged 5 to 16 years in the city of Bucaramanga, Colombia. methods: an analytical observational cross-sectional study was performed in 1385 cephalometric and panoramic radiographs of 775 females and 610 males. sex, dental age according to the Demirjian's method, chronological age and degree of maturation of the cervical vertebrae according to Baccetti's method were analyzed. the univariate analysis included the calculation of measures of central tendency for quantitative variables, and frequencies and proportions for qualitative variables. spearman correlation coefficients were calculated in the bivariate analysis. in the multivariate analysis a multiple linear regression was performed. a value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. results: the mean chronological age was 10.8±3.3 years [Median: 11; 95 percent CI:10.6-10.6]. there was no statistically significant difference according to sex (p=0.3409). the mean of the differences between dental age and chronological age was 0.60±1.44 years. there was a strong and positive correlation between dental age and chronological age with each stage of maturation. females reached skeletal maturity at an earlier age. conclusions: chronological age shows a direct and positive relationship with dental age and stages of skeletal maturation in a colombian population.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Age Determination by Skeleton/methods , Age Determination by Teeth/methods , Cervical Vertebrae/growth & development , Tooth Calcification , Radiography, Panoramic , Cephalometry/statistics & numerical data , ColombiaABSTRACT
En la homeostasis de un individuo sano se desarrollan coágulos para prevenir la pérdida de sangre, pero las fallas del equilibrio hemostático pueden ocasionar obstrucción aguda de una arteria como fenómeno fisiopatológico principal, que puede beneficiarse del tratamiento trombolítico que consiste en la administración, por vía endovenosa o en ocasiones intraarterial, de medicamentos capaces de destruir los coágulos de fibrina y permitir que se restaure el flujo sanguíneo en el vaso sanguíneo. Esto se hace para evitar complicaciones como infarto cerebral, embolia pulmonar, trombosis venosa profunda e infarto agudo del miocardio.El siguiente documento es una revisión bibliográfica de la terapia fibrinolitica y su uso en estas entidades, teniendo en cuenta las recomendaciones de la Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), usando PubMed como base datos de búsqueda principal. Se obtuvieron artículos sobre trombólisis en infarto agudo del miocardio, trombembolismo pulmonar y accidente cerebrovascular y según la pertinencia se procedió a su análisis para generar una recomendación
Homeostasis in healthy individuals develop clots to prevent blood loss, but failures can cause hemostatic imbalance, acute obstruction of artery as main underlying process which may benefit from thrombolytic therapy consisting of the intravenous or intraarterial administration of drugs capable of destroying fibrin clots and allow it to restore blood flow through the blood vessel. The following document provides a bibliographic review about fibrinolytic therapy and the use in these entities. Taking into account the agency's recommendations for "healthcare research and quality" (AHRQ), using PubMed as the primary search database. We obtained papers compatible with thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary thrombembolism and cerebrovascular accident and according to the pertinence we proceeded to be analyzed to generate a recommendation.
Na homeostase de um indivíduo sadio são desenvolvidos coágulos para prevenir a perda de sangue, porém as falhas de equilíbrio homeostático podem ocasionar obstrução aguda de uma artéria como fenômeno trombolítico que consiste na administração por via endovenosa ou intra-arterial, de medicamentos que destroem coágulos de fibrina e permitem que seja restaurado o fluxo sanguíneo a traves do vaso sanguíneo. O presente documento é uma revisão bibliográfica a respeito da terapia fibrinolítica e seu uso nestas entidades, considerando as recomendações da agencia Healthcare research and quality (AHRQ), usando PubMed como base de dados de busca principal. Foram obtidos artigos compatíveis com trombolisis em infarto agudo do miocárdio, tromboembolismo pulmonar e acidente cerebrovascular e segundo a pertinência, foi analisado para gerar uma recomendação
Subject(s)
Thrombolytic Therapy , Therapeutics , Stroke , Homeostasis , Myocardial InfarctionABSTRACT
Resumen Antecedentes. Los errores de medicación son eventos evitables que pueden afectar la salud de los pacientes hospitalizados. Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia de presentación de errores de medicación y las variables asociadas a su presentación en un hospital de primer nivel. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo observacional en pacientes mayores de 18 años, que se encontraron hospitalizados entre el 1 febrero y el 9 marzo de 2012 con todos los diagnósticos. Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y farmacológicas a partir de las historias clínicas. Se evaluó la pertinencia de la medicación para el diagnóstico, contraindicaciones, suficiencia, frecuencia de dosificación, vía de administración, duración del tratamiento y legibilidad de los registros médicos de formulación. Resultados. Se evaluaron 96 pacientes, con edad promedio 59,7±18,8, predominio masculino (53,1%), con promedio 2,8±1,2 días de hospitalización. Los errores de medicación más frecuentes fueron: la falta de registro de duración de la formulación (97,3%), falta descripción presentación del medicamento (72,1%), falta registro vía de administración (29,9%), dosis inadecuada (9,8%), dosis insuficiente (8,2%), medicamento contraindicado (3,9%). Conclusiones. El sistema de prescripción del hospital debería ser mejorado con la incorporación de prácticas más seguras, educación médica continua, programas de alerta de interacciones y reorganización de los procedimientos de atención a los pacientes.
Summary Background. Medication errors are preventable events that may affect the health of hospitalized patients. Objective. Determine the frequency of occurrence of Medication errors and the variables that are associated with the presentation in a first level hospital. Materials and Methods. Descriptive observational study in patients older than 18 who were hospitalized between February 1 and March 9 2012 with all diagnoses. We assessed sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological variables from medical records. We evaluated the appropriateness of the medication for the diagnosis, contraindications, sufficiency and frequency of dosing, route of administration, duration of treatment and legibility of medical records of formulation. Results. We evaluated 96 patients, average age 59.7±18.8, male predominance (53.1%), average 2.8±1.2 days of hospitalization. The most frequent medication errors were missing record of length formulation (97.3%), no description of the drug presentation (72.1%), lack registration route of administration (29.9%), inadequate dose (9.8%), insufficient dose (8.2%), medication contraindicated (3.9%). Conclusions. The hospital prescription system should be improved with the addition of safer practices, continuing medical education programs, warning of interactions and reorganization of procedures for patient care.